Chronic Wasting Diseases of Goats 2 Scrapie

I will not go into much detail as The Maryland Small Ruminant Page has an excellent review.

The following are abstracts from some of the Scientific Literature on Scrapie in Goats which some of you may find interesting.

State-of-the-art review of goat TSE in the European Union, with special emphasis on PRNP genetics and epidemiology.

Vet Res. April 2009;40(5):48.

Gabriele Vaccari¹, Cynthia H Panagiotidis, Cristina Acin, Simone Peletto, Francis Barillet, Pierluigi Acutis, Alex Bossers, Jan Langeveld, Lucien van Keulen, Theodoros Sklaviadis, Juan J Badiola, Olivier Andreéoletti, Martin H Groschup, Umberto Agrimi, James Foster, Wilfred Goldmann

¹ Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emerging Infectious Diseases of Animals, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.

Abstract

Scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. It is also the earliest known member in the family of diseases classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases, which includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and chronic wasting disease in cervids. The recent revelation of naturally occurring BSE in a goat has brought the issue of TSE in goats to the attention of the public. In contrast to scrapie, BSE presents a proven risk to humans. The risk of goat BSE, however, is difficult to evaluate, as our knowledge of TSE in goats is limited. Natural caprine scrapie has been discovered throughout Europe, with reported cases generally being greatest in countries with the highest goat populations. As with sheep scrapie, susceptibility and incubation period duration of goat scrapie are most likely controlled by the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP). Like the PRNP of sheep, the caprine PRNP shows significantly greater variability than that of cattle and humans. Although PRNP variability in goats differs from that observed in sheep, the two species share several identical alleles. Moreover, while the ARR allele associated with enhancing resistance in sheep is not present in the goat PRNP, there is evidence for the existence of other PrP variants related to resistance. This review presents the current knowledge of the epidemiology of caprine scrapie within the major European goat populations, and compiles the current data on genetic variability of PRNP.

Advances in scrapie research

Rev Sci Tech. December 2007;26(3):657-68. 112 Refs

G M Cosseddu¹, U Agrimi, J Pinto, A A Schudel

¹ Laboratory for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emerging Infectious Diseases of Animals, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.

Abstract

The bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis clearly demonstrated the need to keep animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) under control in order to protect animal and human health. Scrapie is the most widespread TSE of livestock in the world. For this reason, health authorities in different countries have elaborated plans that aim towards scrapie eradication. The unusual nature of the scrapie agent and the fragmented status of scientific knowledge about it, along with the limitations of currently available diagnostic tools, make it unlikely that the objective of eradication will be achieved in the near future. Scientific research is focused on acquiring the knowledge that will improve the efficiency of these efforts.

What veterinary practitioners should know about scrapie

J Am Vet Med Assoc. April 2007;230(8):1158-64, 1120. 63 Refs

Marie S Bulgin¹, Sharon Sorensen Melson

¹ Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Caine Veterinary Teaching Center, University of Idaho, Caldwell, ID 83607, USA.

Abstract

Scrapie is the longest known and most widely spread of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and remains the model for much of the research regarding these diseases. Because scrapie is a reportable disease and the subject of an active eradication program in the United States, veterinary practitioners should have a basic understanding of the disease.

Additional References:

USA Terrestrial Animal Health Care Code 2010 :http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_chapitre_1.14.9.htm

Scrapie in Canada http://www.scrapiecanada.ca/home.html

Scrapie in Canada Update http://www.scrapiecanada.ca/whatsnew.html